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Information on the treatment of the Banyamulenge, or Congolese Tutsis, living in the provinces of North Kivu and South Kivu and in Kinshasa was scarce among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. The hands of male sculptures’ are typically turned toward one another and are carrying implements that represent the ancestor's profession in life. The women cultivated the crops and the men hunted and fished. (Analyse politico-juridique par Cedric Muyoboke), Traduction de l’Audio décrivant le discours d’Homer Bulakali (Par Jado, Delphin et Cedric), Un nouveau leadership Banyamulenge s’impose Pour qui joue Buhendwa Dieudonné ? In their recent report entitled Congo-Brazzaville : l'arbitraire de l'État, la terreur des milices, two human rights organizations, the Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme (FIDH) and the Observatoire congolais des droits de l'homme (OCDH) state that [translation] collaborators, sympathizers, real or supposed members of the exiled leader's political parties or their family members are systematically "persecuted" by the current Congolese régime through its different security forces (17 June 1999). 1988-06-21: new. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. Additif au rapport d'étape du Groupe d'experts sur la République démocratique du Congo (S/2012/348) concernant les violations par le Gouvernement rwandais de l'embargo sur les armes et du régime de sanctions (S/2012/348/Add.1) [Accessed 12 Mar. Help us deliver informative, accessible, independent journalism that you can trust and provides accountability to the millions of people affected by crises worldwide. This is not a UNHCR publication. Other Comments. "Brazzaville : massacre dans l'indifférence. 24). Sold with a … Great realistic figure with good patina of age. 1992. This collaboration with Rwanda hardened negative feelings towards them, as many neighbouring communities suffered at the hands of the foreign and rebel troops. Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Florida. Etat-Major FARDC : Pourquoi Déraciner le Banyamulenge ? However, according to the 1999 Amnesty International Annual Report, "people accused of supporting former president Lissouba were detained without charge or trial"(140). Similarly, the Observer states that the Banyamulenge are considered by the Mai Mai to be "foreigners" in the region (The Observer 16 Oct. 2012). 1998- July 1999. The militias are accused of stealing tens of thousands of cattle – a relatively new strategy that the Banyamulenge say is destroying both their economy and their identity. 25 Jan. 2013). They display extensive geometric incisions representing scarification on their abdomens, and their eyes are inlaid with ceramic or shell shards. His death triggered cycles of revenge attacks that have proved hard to contain. 27 June 2012. February 1999. M23 also claims to fight for the Congolese Tutsis in general (BurundiVision 14 Dec. 2012). L'Aménagement linguistique dans le monde. Cette dernière est subdivisée en 6 groupements exclusivement bembe à savoir Basimukinji I, Basimukinji II, Basimwenda, Basimukuma, Basikamakulu et Basimunyaka. The region of Minembwe-Bijombo, the homeland of Babembe, Banyamulenge, Bafuliro and Banyindu, is currently facing an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Foreign rebel groups from neighbouring counties are suspected of participating in the violence, which is centred on Minembwe and Itombwe – remote mountainous areas where many Banyamulenge have lived for generations. (Philip Kleinfeld/TNH). Les milices du président Sassou Nguesso font régner la terreur dans la capital.". Amnesty Iinternational USA. Les villages les plus importants d'Itombwe sont les suivants : Kipupu, Mikenge, Tulambo, Makutano, Kalingi, Bijombo, Miki, Kitopo, Magunda, Lubumba. ; The Jamestown Foundation 26 July 2012). 2013; L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde 13 Oct. 2012). ; Human Rights Watch 4 Oct. 2012; The Observer 16 Oct. 2011). par Muyoboke Cédric, En reponse à Mr Buhendwa Dieudonné sur sa réflexion en rapport avec le nouveau leadership qui s’impose chez la communaute Banyamulenge, Sud-Kivu/conflit à Minembwe: un nouveau leadership Banyamulenge s’impose Par Buhendwa Dieudonne, Tweets by @https://twitter.com/Delphino12, https://easterncongotribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/WhatsApp-Video-2018-06-14-at-23.02.51_Bijombo.mp4. "RD Congo : la justice se fait toujours attendre un an après une attaque à caractère ethnique." Aid groups have a limited presence and are struggling to access certain areas due to heavy rains that have rendered some roads unusable. Human Rights Watch added that a [Human Rights Watch English version] "low-level inter-ethnic conflict has continued in 2012" (4 Oct. 2012). “I have never seen a war like this before.”. Ces accusations font croire que ces tueries sont conçues en vue d’accaparer les terres des autres.… Read the rest “Tuerie de « Chefs Coutumiers » & la Crise de Minembwe: Qui est Kawaza Nyakwana ?”, Ce dit Dr Philbert Bilombele sans compte Facebook, Twitter, Email ni téléphone est-il fictif pour engager un tel débat de haut niveau ? The left arm might be restored in te past. The Bembe people of Tanzania have lost their culture for the most part, and the Bembe language is slowly fading. A representative from the Centre des droits de l'homme et du droit humanitaire was unable to provide information for this Response. As stated in GOG31105.FE of 29 January 1999, the Babembe (Bembe) are one of the ethnic groups who live in the south of the country and who politically are in favour of the parties in the presidential sphere of influence of former President Pascal Lissouba. En bas sa contre-réflexion: Cette lecture personnelle est présentée dans le souci de donner suite aux ‘insuffisances et/ou mensonges’ d’analyses que peut-on lire dans l’article de Monsieur BUHENDWA Dieudonné sur le conflit à Minembwe. In Congo, the Binga (Babinga, Bakaya) inhabit the northern forest zone (Encyclopaedia of the Third World 1992, 429). ‘I find myself marching today for life, and for everything that has happened in my country.’, ‘Someone has to step up. Dernière modification de cette page le 14 janvier 2020 à 22:26. Similarly, the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo, MONUSCO) states that, following the murders in October 2011 and the theft of cattle from the Banyamulenge community, a wave of violence ensued leading to the loss of human lives in the fall of 2011 (UN 25 Jan. 2013). Correspondence sent to the Research Directorate. 15. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. The report says schools, pharmacies, and hospitals have been destroyed, disrupting vaccinations as deadly measles and cholera epidemics ripple through Congo. The UN is struggling to verify these claims due to its limited presence in the region, where many roads are impassable. Ce conflit qui a déjà fait plusieurs dégâts matériels et pertes en vies humaines ne semble constitué une préoccupation du gouvernement congolais.… Read the rest “Quand la Fin de Conflit dans les Hauts Plateaux d’Uvira-Fizi-Itombwe ? 2013; BurundiVision 14 Dec. 2012; L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde 13 Oct. 2012). Devant une situation intenable exigeant de trouver quoi manger pour sa famille, il avait décidé d’aller dans son champ de banane au village Rutigita (5 Kms de Minembwe Aérodrome) dont l’accès exige une autorisation de FARDC.… Read the rest “Bureau Conjoint des Nations Unies aux Droits de l’Homme : Minembwe & Simplification de la Crise”, Dans la nuit du 16-17 Juillet 2020, un incident malheureux s’est produit à Kipupu, en Secteur d’Itombwe Territoire de Mwenga. “There is a total imbalance in terms of attention,” said Maureen Philippon, Congo country director for the Norwegian Refugee Council, which is working in Minembwe. The family unit generally included three generations. Originally natives of Kigoma region, the Bembe people of Tanzania have stretched throughout the country from their home land of Kigoma to the island of Zanzibar. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. "RDC : les Banyamulenge se dissocient des rebelles du M23." This group claims to be the "'protector'" of the Banyamulenge in the Kivus region (ibid.). Soleil Namasana, from Minembwe town, lost her husband and three brothers – hacked to death with machetes while searching their fields for stolen cattle. L’extrait suivant est le résumé de la rencontre des Ambassadeurs de la Paix ; rencontre tenue à Uvira en du 7 Mars 2020. 1998 to present. The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at, Last Updated: Monday, 28 September 2020, 07:58 GMT, 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, République démocratique du Congo : information sur le traitement réservé aux Banyamulenge, ou Tutsis congolais, vivant dans les provinces du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu ainsi qu'à Kinshasa (2010 - fév. 1999; Adventure 1999). The Eastern Congo, specifically the South-Kivu Region has been going through recurring violent trajectories. The Bembe believed in a creator god, Nzambi, whom they did not depict figuratively. Et lorsque Patrice Emery Lumbumba a été tué et ses partisans persécutés, c’est la terre des Babembe, Fizi, qui été choisie pour organiser la résistance et la libération du Congo. Amnesty International Report 1999. They are a tough and proud people who absorbed other populations and their systems of thought in the process of carving out their current homeland in a time of widespread conflict and under economic pressure from European invaders and slave traders dur… More than 200,000 people have fled fighting in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s South Kivu highlands in recent months as a long-simmering struggle over land, power, and citizenship descends into village burnings and widespread killings. Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). “It is an international conflict with many interests.”. Babembe au Sud-Kivu : 5 ans de Différence Avec Mes Arrière-Grands-Pères ? The Itombwe Mountains (or Itombwe Massif, Plateau) are a range of mountains in the South Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Paris: Editions Michalon. [Accessed 12 Mar. Language Status. With reporting support from Sylvain Muyali. According to Mondes rebelles, the "Bembe clan" was specifically one of the constituents of the "mouvance présidentielle" of the former Pascal Lissouba (1996, 410). N.d. "Democratic Republic of the Congo: Banyarwanda." Quand la Fin de Conflit dans les Hauts Plateaux d’Uvira-Fizi-Itombwe ? Le mouvement de libération est passé par Fizi “dont les Babembe” ont pris les 3 quarts de toute l’étendue de territoire congolais. In eastern Congo, a local conflict ... A coalition of militias drawn from the Babembe, Bafuliru, and Banyindu communities – who consider themselves “indigenous” Congolese – are fighting the Banyamulenge, a cattle-herding group of Rwandan origin often derided as outsiders. Mondes Rebelles: Acteurs, Conflits et Violences Politiques. Female statuettes have a pronounced, almost square, chin, a large nose and mouth, finely sculpted ears, and hair carved in relief on the forehead. Les communautés ethniques, Médias et politiques ainsi que la Monusco rapportent de données difficilement conciliables.… Read the rest “Mouvements Citoyens Filimbi & Lucha : Que Signifie les Communautés « Majoritaires » ?”, We call for special international protection measures for Minembwe and Bijombo groupement, and for a humanitarian relief for the Banyamulenge civilians who are now besieged in these tiny areas; and are under constant attacks. According to Human Rights Watch, tensions have been [Human Rights Watch English version] "longstanding" between the Banyamulenge and the Babembe in the territory of Fizi in South Kivu (Human Rights Watch 4 Oct. 2012). (Analyse politico-juridique par Cedric Muyoboke)”, “Traduction de l’Audio décrivant le discours d’Homer Bulakali (Par Jado, Delphin et Cedric)”, “Un nouveau leadership Banyamulenge s’impose Pour qui joue Buhendwa Dieudonné ? Tuerie de « Chefs Coutumiers » & la Crise de Minembwe: Qui est Kawaza Nyakwana ? Human Rights Watch also notes that the term "Banyarwanda" is used to describe people of Rwandan origin (4 Oct. 2012). Bereft of pastures, some cows that haven’t been looted are now dying of hunger. Provenance: former private collection from Belgium. [Accessed 4 Mar. A vast area of emerald green hills, South Kivu’s highlands are home to dozens of local militias and foreign rebel groups who have been fighting for different reasons on and off for decades. Last week, a group of high-profile politicians called on the government to organise an inter-community dialogue – the second in recent months. "MONUSCO Consolidates Peaceful Coexistence Between the Fizi Communities in Sud Kivu." According to Freedom House, ethnic discrimination, especially toward the Banyamulenge in South Kivu, is still "a major problem" in the DRC (Freedom House 2012). … Read the rest “Un nouveau leadership Banyamulenge s’impose Pour qui joue Buhendwa Dieudonné ? [Accessed 11 Mar. People were forced to speak "some languages" in order to "reveal" their ethnic origin (ibid.). This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. Her final respects were paid through a blurry mobile phone picture of their unrecognisable bodies. 2013], Freedom House. The same source adds that [translation] the Congolese State not only does not respect international humanitarian law and human rights but also is unable to guarantee protection to its people (ibid. In an interview published by BurundiVision, a news site that accepts articles from its readers (BurundiVision n.d.), the interim President of SHIKAMA, an organization that represents the Banyamulenge community, stated that the Banyamulenge have almost no ties left with Rwanda (ibid. Most of the youth under the age of 30 are unable to speak their mother tongue; instead, they use Swahili as their first language and follow Swahili culture and traditions. Les Bembés ou Babembe habitent dans le territoire de Mwenga, en République démocratique du Congo et dans le département de la Bouénza en République du Congo. 3, 7). The ancestors had close ties with the living and received offerings through the “priest” who made appeals to statuettes, the kitebi or bimbi, consecrated by the sorcerer. New York: Facts on File. According to Country Reports 1998, "societal discrimination persisted in practice, particularly against women and Pygmies" in Congo (1999, 105). De surcroît, des yeux du varan émane une « ombre sanglante » (c'est le seul animal à qui les Babembe attribuent cette propriété) qui lui permet de voir à travers le sable. Jeune Afrique [Paris]. Soleil Namasana, from Minembwe town, lost her husband and three brothers during recent violence. Discours du Député Homer Bulakali à Baraka : Message de Kamerhe ou du CACH ? Unfortunately, the allegiance of some of our brothers (including Congolese Hutus among others) in Rwanda reinforces the feeling among other communities that we are not sufficiently Congolese, that we are conspiring against the Congo, and so on. In correspondence sent to the Research Directorate, a professor emeritus of political science at the University of Florida, who has researched ethnic conflicts in Central Africa, including in the DRC, pointed out that [translation] "today there is a deep hatred among the Congolese for 'Rwandophones,' especially those of Tutsi origin" (4 Mar. Par Moise TOGERA MAPENZI”, “Monologue du Prof Kalonda Mbulu aux Dialogues Intra-communautaires: Ma Réaction”, “Tuerie de « Chefs Coutumiers » & la Crise de Minembwe: Qui est Kawaza Nyakwana ?”, “Dois-je répondre ou inviter Bilombele à relire ses contradictions/Incohérences/Falsification?”, “Craintes et Defis Majeurs si Mwenga-Fizi-Uvira Persistent dans la Haine : Position de la Prunelle de la Paix”, “Kakozi & Ebukala : Destruction de Minembwe dans un Complot Lointain ?”, “Et Si Babembe et Banyamulenge n’Ont Jamais Eu des Chefferies ?”, “Forum de Réflexion : « La Prunelle de la Paix » Par Jacques Rukeba”, “Discours du Député Homer Bulakali à Baraka : Message de Kamerhe ou du CACH ?”, “Appel aux Massacres du Homer BULAKALI à Baraka : Au Service de l’UNC ? The Bembe in Congo-Brazzaville number 60 to 80,000, mostly living on the plateaus situated to the north of the Congo River, as well as on the shores of Stanley Pool and in the cities of Brazzaville, Dolisie, and Pointe-Noire. Son nouveau article cliquez ici. 2013; The Observer 16 Oct. 2011). [Accessed 9 Aug. 1999]. 17 June 1999. "Peoples under Threat 2012." ; The Observer 16 Oct. 2011; Freedom House 2012). People of Rwandan origin from North Kivu are identified as Banyarwanda (Professor Emeritus, UCL 4 Mar. par Muyoboke Cédric”, “Sud-Kivu/conflit à Minembwe: un nouveau leadership Banyamulenge s’impose Par Buhendwa Dieudonne”, Minembwe’s Community Resilience Signs: IDPs aiding IDPs, Ambassadeurs de la Paix & les Communautés Désarmés : Situation Socio-Sécuritaire dans les Moyens Plateaux de Fizi-Baraka par Muhumuza Jacques, Bureau Conjoint des Nations Unies aux Droits de l’Homme : Minembwe & Simplification de la Crise. . Vol. 4 March 2013. Some 35,000 people have been displaced since September, according to the UN’s emergency aid coordination body, OCHA. They run along the west shore of the northern part of Lake Tanganyika.They contain a vast area of contiguous montane forest and are home to a rich diversity of wildlife. While all communities have been affected, UN officials and aid workers say the Banyamulenge are suffering the most. In particular, Human Rights Watch points out that the grazing rights of Banyamulenge herders have been contested by the Babembe and other ethnic groups (ibid.). The war maintains this marginalization that people claim to be fighting against. Call for Special International Protection and Humanitarian Assistance: Banyamulenge in South Kivu at risk of Genocide. The rebels have bases in eastern Congo and are thought to be working alongside militias on both sides, adding weapons, manpower, and a complex regional dimension to an already multi-layered local conflict. [Accessed 4 Mar. Libération [Paris]. 2013], _____. The Observer, a British weekly newspaper, states that the Mai Mai Yakutumba is a sub-group of Mai Mai (ibid.). Location. Kalemie Kalemie, formerly Albertville or Albertstad, is a town on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Les Bembés ou Babembe habitent dans le territoire de Mwenga, en République démocratique du Congo et dans le département de la Bouénza en République du Congo.. Ils habitent dans la collectivité, secteur d'Itombwe. Correspondence sent to the Research Directorate. 23 November 2012. Alors qu’il s’agit des attaques armées souvent contre les civils, plusieurs acteurs dans la région tendent à interpréter cette crise comme étant de la violence intercommunautaire.… Read the rest “Ambassadeurs de la Paix & les Communautés Désarmés : Situation Socio-Sécuritaire dans les Moyens Plateaux de Fizi-Baraka par Muhumuza Jacques”, La semaine dernière et dans une distance de zéro km de la positon FARDC, un homme a été décapité et enterré par les inconnus à Rutigita (moins 5 Kms de Minembwe Centre). 2013), Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. Ils habitent dans la collectivité, secteur d'Itombwe. The 23 March movement, an armed group called the M23, is in North Kivu (Human Rights Watch 4 Oct. 2012; The Jamestown Foundation 26 July 2012; BBC 23 Nov. 2012). Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Jean-Mobert N'senga. Encyclopedia of the Third World. They are a tough and proud people who absorbed other populations and their systems of thought in the process of carving out their current homeland in a time of widespread conflict and under economic pressure from European invaders and slave traders during the 19th century. The Congolese army has sent additional troops to Minembwe, but residents say they are just standing by while their villages are attacked. Craintes et Defis Majeurs si Mwenga-Fizi-Uvira Persistent dans la Haine : Position de la Prunelle de la Paix. The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at, Last Updated: Monday, 28 September 2020, 07:58 GMT, 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity, Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada. The Bembe traditionally had close contacts with their neighbors the Teke, but influence from the Kongo Kingdom was essential to their culture and traditions. 2.2 Treatment of the Banyamulenge in North Kivu. DR Congo. It was privately owned by Leopold II (not by the government of Belgium, of which he was the constitutional monarch). According to sources, some members of the general population in the DRC do not consider the Banyamulenge to be true Congolese (Human Rights Watch 4 Oct. 2012; Sebarenzi 1 Jan. 2012; L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde 13 Oct. 2012). 4 October 2012. 1. For further information on the M23, please consult Response to Information Request COD104292 of 30 January 2013. The Banyamulenge are a Tutsi ethnic minority in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who originally come from Rwanda (Professor Emeritus, University of Florida 4 Mar. Niger-Congo › Atlantic-Congo › Volta-Congo › Benue-Congo › Bantoid › Southern › Narrow Bantu › Central › D › Bembe-Buyi (D.54) Autonym. (Factiva), United Nations (UN). 25 January 2013. Some residents were shot or burnt alive in their houses, she said; others died while hiding out in a forest set alight by the militia. But it has hosted Banyamulenge population estimated to 100 Thousand who fled their respective dwellings. According to Human Rights Watch, the authorities had opened an investigation but had neither arrested nor tried anyone one year later (4 Oct. 2012). Freedom House states that some also belonged to Burundi's National Liberation Front (Front de libération national du Burundi) (ibid.). The ancestor worship among the Bembe is older, though, and precedes the use of magic statues, nkisi, by the sorcerers. 10, No. Facing discrimination in the late 1990s, large numbers of Banyamulenge joined Rwandan-led rebellions against the Congolese government – intially launched after Hutu genocidaires took refuge in eastern Congo. La rencontre a réuni 12 participants et les médias locaux au sein du Guesthouse Bel Air à Kimanga.… Read the rest “Synergie des Ambassadeurs de la Paix”, En date du 11 Mai 2016, j’ai reçu un message (Email) de la part de Kakozi Charles dont son compte Yahoo (Canada) semblait protester contre mon article de Blog sur l’établissement de Babembe par rapport au Banyamulenge. Par Moise TOGERA MAPENZI”, La lettre du monologue du Prof Kalonda Mbulu: Monologue du Professeur Kalonda au sujet des forums communautaires (1), Le document attaché ici: Au Prof Kalonda Mbulu, Pour de personnes qui ne sont pas encore rencontrées ni échangées, il est difficile de croire que c’est le Prof Kalonda Mbulu qui a signé cette note intitulée « Le Monologue du Professeur Kalonda Mbulu au sujet des forums intra-communautaire de Banyamulenge et Babembe ».… Read the rest “Monologue du Prof Kalonda Mbulu aux Dialogues Intra-communautaires: Ma Réaction”, « Qui veut noyer son chien, l’accuse de la rage » dit-on ! Skirmishes in recent years have been common, but fighting on the current scale is “unprecedented”, said Delphin Rukumbuzi, a Congo expert from Minembwe who lectures at Rotterdam’s Erasmus University. Alternate Formats. The more than 200,000 people displaced in recent months represents roughly 60 percent of the population in the affected health zones of Itombwe, Minembwe, Fizi, and Nundu, according to a recent report by international aid agencies working in the area. The M23 has ties with the Rwandan government (ibid. [citation needed], A semi-nomadic people, who often settled in forest environments, the Bembe tended to abandon their small villages as the soil became less fertile. [Accessed 10 Aug. 1999]. “It’s how our children go to university… how we construct houses.”. Balencie, Jean-Marc and Arnaud de la Grange. According to sources, the attackers were members of the Mai Mai Yakutumba (ibid. L'Autre Afrique [Paris]. [3]. Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme (FIDH) et Observatoire congolais des droits de l'homme (OCDH). Bembe typically have a small cavity between their legs, into which medicinal substances were inserted; this practice endowed the figures with protective powers. "Bayaka Pygmy (Binga)". « Babembe » expliqué aux enfants par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie junior, https://fr.vikidia.org/w/index.php?title=Babembe&oldid=1341529, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0. However, Bembe figures are the most distinctive form of Beembe sculpture. The Mai Mai Yakutumba is an armed group (Human Rights Watch 4 Oct. 2012; The Observer 16 Oct. 2011). According to the Observer, many saw the killings as further proof of "genocide" against the Banyamulenge (16 Oct. 2012). The chief in charge of the village, the nga-bula, mediated with the ancestors. The M23 is mainly made up of Tutsis (ibid. Information on Babembe (Bembe) and Bayaka ethnic groups is limited among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. Corroborating information and information on the treatment of the Banyamulenge living in Kinshasa could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. 2013], _____. User Population. Collected in the period 1953 – 1959 (More details provided to buyer). According to Minority Rights Group International (MRG), the population throughout much of the territory of both Kivus lives "in a state of permanent insecurity" (MRG June 2012, 213). 2013], Human Rights Watch. Dois-je répondre ou inviter Bilombele à relire ses contradictions/Incohérences/Falsification? 14 Dec. 2012). Elle est actuellement un débat à la une depuis les assises intra-communautaires qui s’organisent pour trouver des solutions de la violence dans le Haut Plateau d’Uvira-Fizi-Itombwe et plus précisément à Minembwe.… Read the rest “Et Si Babembe et Banyamulenge n’Ont Jamais Eu des Chefferies ?”, C’est avec l’humilité que j’exprime tous mes remerciements envers tous ceux qui ont lu et commenté mon premier Blog énonçant l’idée d’un cadre de réflexion pour la paix dans la partie orientale du Congo.

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