Armenia ranked 63rd out of 180 countries on Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in 2018. [76][77] There was local Armenian resistance in the region, developed against the activities of the Ottoman Empire. Show up in a village without a penny, and food and a place to stay will flow - along with drinks and endless toasts. The pomegranate, with its symbolic association with fertility, represents the nation. Armenia is situated in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Three of these new centres are particularly relevant: the Centre for Biotechnology, the Centre for Zoology and Hydro-ecology and the Centre for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. If you were to question whether it happened you would probably be considered ignorant or rude. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. Consider for yourself whether this is a safe option. The church, which was limited during the secretaryhood of Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. This means that you do not need to carry a lot of water with you, just a 0.5 l bottle should be enough. [142], Armenia ranked 29th for economic freedom and 76th for personal freedom among 159 countries in the 2017 Human Freedom Index published by the Cato Institute .[143][144]. It is very common to give up your seat for an elderly passenger on the public transport. $9.3 million has been invested in the resort town of Tsaghkadzor to improve the winter sports infrastructure because of dismal performances at recent winter sports events. Basic research promoting essential applied research. The latter group, the Armenian Catholic Church, is headquartered in Bzoummar, Lebanon. Most Armenian toll-free numbers and Premium Rate Numbers can not be called from outside Armenia. While most Armenians consider themselves European, their social conservatism in some realms sets them apart from western Europeans. Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). However, the route via Alaverdi is said to be maintained badly. Use common sense and usual precautions when walking on the street at night, especially after drinking. luchtverdedigingseenheid van de Sovjet-Unie, https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikojan-Goerevitsj_MiG-25&oldid=56651380, Wikipedia:Lokale afbeelding anders dan op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, Algerije, Armenië, Azerbeidzjan, Kazachstan, Rusland, Syrië, Turkmenistan. [167] The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933. Lori is considered to be the Armenian Switzerland. Russians and Ottomans dominated Armenia's modern history. From 1604, Abbas I of Iran implemented a "scorched earth" policy in the region to protect his north-western frontier against any invading Ottoman forces, a policy that involved a forced resettlement of masses of Armenians outside of their homelands.[71]. Entry from Georgia and Iran by land is possible and unproblematic. There are large sections for old carpets, intricate wood carvings and backgammon boards, paintings, souvenirs, old porcelain and old housewares, with smaller sections for needlework and embroidery, stone work, books, military surplus and countless other random things. All other trains are slow but incredibly cheap (1,000 dram Gyumri-Yerevan). When they began pushing for more rights within the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdul Hamid II, in response, organised state-sponsored massacres against the Armenians between 1894 and 1896, resulting in an estimated death toll of 80,000 to 300,000 people. Despite rarely being politically independent, Armenians have consistently kept their language and their church. Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Aside from the plentiful day tours, you can take a package tour of Armenia. Today, there is still a wealth of religious heritage to see. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century,[70] Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. De subsonische strategische bommenwerpers Boeing B-47 Stratojet en Boeing B-52 Stratofortress werden gevolgd door de supersonische Convair B-58 Hustler, met de nog snellere North American B-70 Valkyrie nog op de tekentafels. If you are dining with Armenians, they will feed you until you cannot eat any more. It has many lovely hotels and is popular year round. Unlisted but surely beautiful is the monastery of Khor Virap. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewelry making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.[155]. [109], Despite the availability of abundant renewable energy sources in Armenia (especially hydroelectric and wind power) and calls from EU officials to shut down the nuclear power plant at Metsamor,[110] the Armenian Government is exploring the possibilities of installing new small modular nuclear reactors. The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). Shutdown of the nuclear power plant in 1989 lead to the Armenian energy crisis of 1990s. [116], On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on the normalisation of relations, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The above map represents Armenia. It is also considered polite to let women first to the bus or train or to enter a room, and the "ladies first" rule is considered important. Springs are short, while autumns are long. [98] Its relations with Europe, the Arab League, and the Commonwealth of Independent States have allowed Armenia to increase trade. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. Significant rivers include the Aras, Debet and Razdan. There are very frequent flights from across the Commonwealth of Independent States. In summer, the beaches of this massive high-altitude fresh water lake (one of the largest in the world), are a popular destination for anything from daytrips to camp site vacations and resort holidays. [167] Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language. The Armenian/Karabakh borders with Azerbaijan are closed. There are several daily trains towards Gyumri and one to Yeraskh at the closed border with Nakhichevan. Most inter-city travel is by 14-seat minibuses or buses. In time, several areas of the Bagratid Armenia separated as independent kingdoms and principalities such as the Kingdom of Vaspurakan ruled by the House of Artsruni in the south, Kingdom of Syunik in the east, or Kingdom of Artsakh on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh, while still recognising the supremacy of the Bagratid kings. The average altitude is 5,900 feet (1,800 metres) above sea level.There are no lowlands: half the territory lies at altitudes of 3,300 to 6,600 feet; only about one-tenth lies below the 3,300-foot mark. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. The Modern Art Museum, the Children's Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are only a few of the other noteworthy collections of fine art on display in Yerevan. The biggest danger in Armenia are taxi drivers, especially in Yerevan. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. Do not expect hot water all hours of the day, but you can have a lovely room that will accommodate a family, including food for about US$20 a day. Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. There are marshrutkas from Tbilisi to the border for about 17 lari to Yerevan. [205] Over 93% of Christians in Armenia belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is in communion only with the churches comprising Oriental Orthodoxy—of which it is itself a member. There is only one fast train: the international Yerevan-Tbilisi (+Batumi in the summer). Armenia has only two working airports (Yeveran and Shirak) but there are no internal flights between them. It particularly focused on the worship of Mithra and also included a pantheon of gods such as Aramazd, Vahagn, Anahit, and Astghik. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War, and citing it as the reason, Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993. During the 1230s, the Mongol Empire conquered Zakarid Armenia and then the remainder of Armenia. The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. Football is also popular in Armenia. The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk (Հայկ), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah, who, according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene (Movsis Khorenatsi), defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region. They are best known for their series of scholarly publications of ancient Armenian versions of otherwise lost ancient Greek texts. Many restaurants have begun to charge a 10 % “service fee” which they usually do not share with the waiters, and it is not clear for what it is used. Local travel agents can arrange transport to the border; some Georgian agents can arrange transport all the way through to Tbilisi. It contains a number of natural microelements, which have high biochemical activity. [86][87] With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. These events are traditionally commemorated yearly on 24 April, the Armenian Martyr Day, or the Day of the Armenian Genocide. Its roots go back to the 1st century AD, when it was founded by two of Jesus' twelve apostles – Thaddaeus and Bartholomew – who preached Christianity in Armenia between AD 40–60. As the Soviet Union fell apart in the early 1990s, the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh, a culturally Armenian region in Azerbaijan, fought for independence from Azerbaijan with support from Armenia, and the Armenian Diaspora. [96] Since then, Armenia and Azerbaijan have held peace talks, mediated by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). [99][100] Gas, oil, and other supplies come through two vital routes: Iran and Georgia. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. Tavush Marz is a wonderful place to summer. La géographie de l'Arménie, pays du Caucase, se caractérise par sa situation au nord-est du haut-plateau arménien et par ses chaînes montagneuses très élevées. [95], The Karabakh war ended after a Russian-brokered cease-fire was put in place in 1994. Wikivoyage will use dram in its articles to identify the currency. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet Internal Security Forces (MVD) troops based in Yerevan when Armenians decided to commemorate the establishment of the 1918 First Republic of Armenia. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century. On the Iranian side, the closest public transport can be found around 50 km to the west in Jolfa, so a taxi (around US$10-15) again is the only (commercial) choice. Armenian border guards are in charge of patrolling the country's borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, while Russian troops continue to monitor its borders with Iran and Turkey. Creation of a system capable of sustaining the development of science and technology; Development of scientific potential, modernization of scientific infrastructure; Creation of a synergistic system of education, science and innovation; and. This former Soviet republic straddles Asia and Europe and boasts an ancient and rich culture. [184], Armenian is the only official language. During World War I, 1.5 million Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. Additionally, while it is agreed that Arme was located to the immediate west of Lake Van (and therefore in the greater Armenia region), the location of the older site of Armani is a matter of debate. Armenian mines produce copper, zinc, gold, and lead. GSM coverage maps of Armenia. [210], Due to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. From Tbilisi to Yerevan they take this same route and cost about 35 lari. On summer weekends, one daily train operates from the northern Almast station to Lake Sevan, all the way to Shorzha on the far side (unavailable as of May 2019). The Christian Armenians on the Ottomans' Russian border were considered liable to side with Russia and so they were treated as an enemy. The Armenian currency is known as the dram, sometimes denoted by the symbol "Դ" (ISO currency code: AMD). This has visible consequences in Armenia's infrastructure, political system and society, as an educated traveller will notice quite soon. The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favour of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy. Namus was the first Armenian silent black-and-white film, directed by Hamo Beknazarian in 1925, based on a play of Alexander Shirvanzade, describing the ill fate of two lovers, who were engaged by their families to each other since childhood, but because of violations of namus (a tradition of honor), the girl was married by her father to another person. The monastery of Noravank is a good sight in the lovely Amaghou Valley, while the monasteries of Tatev and Tatevi Anapat sit in the Vorotan Valley - a gorgeous area with great landscapes and dotted with churches. The national team is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia.
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