Premier président élu du Congo en 1992, Pascal Lissouba avait été renversé par un coup d’Etat en 1997. The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Because of this role the French Committee of National Liberation began questioning the future of the colonies. [62], Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Congolese singers have become known internationally: the Franco-Congolese rapper Passi's work is broadcast in France, and he has released several hit albums, such as Temptations, with the famous song "I zap and I mate." C’est tout naturellement que bénéficiant de plusieurs alliés, Pascal Lissouba remportera l’élection présidentielle de 1992. The Republic of the Congo is divided into 12 départements (departments). The dry season is from June to August, while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November. [40][needs update]. [26] Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003. The country has universities. Citizens of France's colonies would share equal rights with French citizens. Cette formation politique a l’avantage de rassembler de nombreux Congolais épris de changement. Phone +242 05 551 00 81. Après une participation active à la Conférence nationale en 1991 dont c’était la mode à cette époque à travers le continent, Pascal Lissouba fonde son parti, l’Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale (UPADS). [58], According to CIA World Factbook, the people of the Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). [64] Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds[69] but, in practice, expenses exist. Notre calendrier vous présente mois par mois les billets d’avion Air France les moins chers. [31][32][33] Denis Christel Sassou-Nguesso, son of Denis Sassou Nguesso, has been named in association with the Panama Papers. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. Initially, the French Committee of National Liberation wanted to include all the governors from all free territories, but due to war difficulties, the Committee only included administrative représentants from French territories in Africa, which had already joined de Gaulle and René Pleven. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. Email. The war created many difficulties for local people, and saw the growth of nationalist aspirations and tensions between communities in French North Africa; particularly in Algeria and Tunisia. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 15 jun 2020 om 20:20. 12 January 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.[47]. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari, in Brazzaville and Pool regions, and the Vili, around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. Après Joachim Yhongo Opango qui a dirigé le Congo entre 1977-1979, décédé le 30 mars 2020 en France à l’âge de 81 ans, c’est autour de Pascal Lissouba, un autre vétéran de la politique congolaise de tirer sa révérence à l’hôpital de Perpignan, des suites de maladie. The sovereign state has had multi-party elections since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War, and President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power in 1979, has ruled for 35 of the past 40 years. Artists have struggled to build a film industry. [48][49], The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. [28] According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities". United States State Department. As of 2012[update], the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. In June 1996, the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997. [20] On the night between February 14 and 15, 1965, three prominent public officials in the Republic of the Congo were kidnapped; Lazare Matsocota (prosecutor of the Republic), Joseph Pouabou (president of the Supreme Court) and Massouémé Anselme (director of the Congolese Information Agency). United States State Department. The second largest group are the Teke, who live to the north of Brazzaville, with 17% of the population. Brazzaville can also be reached through Ethiopian Airlines from Addis Ababa four times a week; Addis Ababa has connecting flights to numerous other international destinations, including Dubai. © 2020 Copyright RFI - Tous droits réservés. When you run a search on FareCompare, we search multiple sites and fare sources all at once so you don't have to - which is why we think FareCompare is … [60][61] Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. On 5 June, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. "RotC" redirects here. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. [54][55], In 2018, the Republic of the Congo joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.[56]. He won the election believed by many to be fraudulent. De Gaulle believed that the survival of France depended on support from these colonies, and he made numerous concessions. The official language is French. Defaite de Pascal fut une complicité avec l'angola qui a profité l'issurrection pour detrouire la base du Flec ( Mouvement Independentiste de Cabindais) dont on suppose que Pascal soutenait. The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with King Makoko of the Bateke. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. On a appris ce lundi matin le décès de l’ancien président du Congo-Brazzaville, Pascal Lissouba. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. After the Fall of France to Nazi Germany, the pro-Nazi Vichy France regime controlled the colonies. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. After their promising start in the 1970s, the troubled political situation and the closure of cinemas made production of films difficult. Regionale luchtvaartmaatschappijen vliegen tussen Brazzaville en andere Afrikaanse hoofdsteden zoals Bangui, Douala, Kigali, Libreville, Luanda, N'Djamena, Kinshasa en Johannesburg. En quelques mois, Brazzaville la capitale et la plupart des villes sont détruites, avec à la clé, des milliers de morts. BRAZZAVILLE, Republic of Congo (AP) — Republic of Congo police say 14 people have been killed in an attack on a train in the country's southeast. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 western lowland gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.[44]. The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on 15 August 1960. • Because of problems with the communication network, the country is not ready to build on heritage tourism. [10], The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country[20] and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup in September 1968. At university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after five. Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. Bureau of African Affairs. Police officials said Saturday that Friday's attack took place near the Mindouli train station in the Pool region, 200 kilometers (124 miles) south of Brazzaville… [64] The Brazzaville Declaration included the following points: However, the possibility of complete independence was soundly rejected. On a appris ce lundi matin le décès de l’ancien président du Congo-Brazzaville, Pascal Lissouba. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government, with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Self-government must be rejected - even in the more distant future. The group Bisso Na Bisso and Casimir Zao are also notable. [64] A large proportion of the population is undernourished,[64] with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. [19] The Congolese military briefly took charge of the country, and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat. [10], In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. Search, Finally, the good figures seem to come from, This page was last edited on 17 September 2020, at 19:56. Pendant son mandat, il ouvrira le pays à un libéralisme économique planifié et fera avancer les libertés alors que le Congo vivait sous le marxisme. Ainsi s’achève la vie de celui que nombre d’observateurs et d’analystes présentent comme « le premier Président démocratiquement élu du Congo ». Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship. In addition, the French were being aided by the US, which opposed colonialism. A ceasefire deal was signed in December 2017.[30]. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe-Noire Airport) which have flights to destinations in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Some of the South's most populous and developed locations are often the least accessible. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958[15] and published its first constitution in 1959. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Nous avons en effet reçu des réclamations d’utilisateurs se plaignant de confusion dans les commentaires ou dans les « Petites annonces » avec d’autres utilisateurs ayant respectivement les mêmes noms. Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2011–2012, "IRIN Africa – CONGO: Grappling with malnutrition and post-conflict woes – Congo – Food Security – Health & Nutrition", "CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE): UNFPA Leads Fight Against FGM " UNFPA in the News", "Inauguration de la basilique Sainte-Anne du Congo à Brazzaville", Refworld | 2008 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Congo, Republic of the, Wikimedia Atlas of the Republic of the Congo, Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Congo, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=978932209, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1960, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Lingala-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2019, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Pages using columns with the default column width, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Articles needing additional references from August 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from April 2020, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A list of subprefects (higher representatives of State in a district) nominated in December 2008 lists 86 districts. It is working to improve the network that supports its hotels and related tourism facilities in Pointe Noire and Brazzaville. L'Ambassade de la République du Congo en France, encourage tous les usagers à remplir toutes les exigences énumérées ci-dessus et de payer les visas uniquement en ligne. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Cet ingénieur agronome est porté à la magistrature suprême de son pays à la faveur du retour au multipartisme au début de la décennie 1990. [9] Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.[66]. There was also a seemingly more open tone towards the French colonies. The Brazzaville Conference (French: Conference de Brazzaville) was a meeting of prominent Free French leaders held in January 1944 in Brazzaville, the then-capital of French Equatorial Africa, during World War II.. After the Fall of France to Nazi Germany, the pro-Nazi Vichy France regime controlled the colonies. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. They included the end of forced labor, the end of special legal restrictions that applied to natives but not to whites, the establishment of elected territorial assemblies, representation in Paris in a new "French Federation", and the eventual entry of black Africans in the French Assembly. The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. [42], Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). L’homme qui a dirigé la République populaire du Congo après l’ouverture démocratique en 1990 est décédé dans la nuit de dimanche à lundi 24 août 2020 à l’âge de 89 ans. [9] The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960. Brazzaville is de hoofdstad van de Republiek Congo en ligt aan de rechteroever van de rivier de Kongo, recht tegenover Kinshasa op de linkeroever, de hoofdstad van het buurland Congo-Kinshasa. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Departments are divided into communes and districts. Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president. [63], Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. Fréquentation certifiée par l'ACPM/OJD. René Pleven, Commissioner for the Colonies in the French Committee of National Liberation, wanted to avoid international arbitration of the future of the French Empire, and in that regard organized the Brazzaville conference, in French Equatorial Africa. Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. Media afspelen. Il s’agit de Votre Code MediaCongo, unique à chaque utilisateur, et qui permet de faire la différence entre utilisateurs ayant le même Nom ou Pseudo. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo, Human rights in the Republic of the Congo, List of companies based in the Republic of the Congo, Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa, Demographics of the Republic of the Congo, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Index of Republic of the Congo–related articles, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", https://ambacongofr.org/index.php/le-congo, Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism, "BBC NEWS – Africa – The man who would be Congo's king", CONGO REPUBLIC: BRAZZAVILLE RIOTS AFTERMATH, "Fulbert Youlou facts, information, pictures – Encyclopedia.com articles about Fulbert Youlou", Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique, "17 candidates in Congo presidential race: commission", Vote results expected as opposition alleges fraud, "FACTBOX-African leaders' French assets under scrutiny", "Les Africains du Panama (1) : les circuits offshore des " fils de, Congo Republic president says expects referendum over the third term, "Congo opposition holds ceremony for killed protesters=Reuters", "Violences au Congo : le government accuse les opposants à Sassou-Nguesso", "Pygmies in the Congo treated like "pets": report", "UN expert praises Congo's draft law on indigenous rights", site of the Presidency of the Republic of the Congo, Map: Situation de l'exploitation forestière en République du Congo, "Kimberley Process Removes the Republic of Congo from the List of Participants", "OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa", "South Africa's white farmers prepare to trek to the Congo", Congo hands land to South African farmers, "Republic of the Congo GDP and Economic Data", "Les pygmées du Congo en "danger d'extinction, Congo. [35] On 25 October the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The Italian-born explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, who was granted French citizenship in 1874, officially founded the settlement on 10 September 1880; it commemorates his name . Restoration of architectural works is underway in Brazzaville, such as the Basilica of Sainte-Anne du Congo, which was completed in 2011.[68]. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. Mais le temps donnera une bonne réponse à Sassou... Paix à son âme, Le Refus de fournir tous les documents appropriés entrainera un rejet systématique de vos requêtes consulaires et le retard dans le traitement des demandes de visa. De Gaulle wanted to renew the relationship between France and "French Africa.". [20] In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president. New elections took place in April 1959. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region. Notre seul objectif et engagement est de continuer de vous offrir un service de qualité. Paix à ton âme cher professeur obligé de mourir loin de tiens à cause de vas nu-pieds de dictateurs au service des autres. Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. [10] It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic. Que vous cherchiez un vol de dernière minute Brazzaville - Paris (France) ou un départ plus lointain, profitez ici de nos tarifs les plus avantageux. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Embassy of France in Brazzaville, the Republic of the Congo The EmbassyPage for France's embassy in Brazzaville has updated contact details for the mission, including address and telephone number, as well as information about the embassy's website and social media presence. Né le 15 novembre 1931 à Tsinguidi dans le département du Niari, Pascal Lissouba deux fois marié et père de onze enfants vivait en exil en France depuis 2004. [69] In 2005 net primary enrollment rate was 44%, a significant drop from the 79% in 1991. il s'est réfugié dans le pays de ses bourreaux Faites connaissance avec votre « Code MediaCongo », Vous avez sans doute remarqué un nouveau code à 7 caractères affiché à droite de votre Nom/Pseudo, par exemple « AB25CDF ». Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). By the time the Congo became independent in August 1960, Opangault, the former opponent of Youlou, agreed to serve under him. [41] The Republic of the Congo has a wide variety of natural landscapes, ranging from the savannah plains in the North Niari flooded forests, to the vast Congo River, to rugged mountains and forest of Mayombe, and including 170 km of beaches along the Atlantic coast. RFI n'est pas responsable des contenus provenant de sites Internet externes. Citizens of French colonies would have the right to vote for the French parliament. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial". Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. Notre calendrier vous présente mois par mois les billets d’avion Air France les moins chers. Que vous cherchiez un vol de dernière minute Paris - Brazzaville (CONGO BRAZZAVILLE) ou un départ plus lointain, profitez ici de nos tarifs les plus avantageux. [43], In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. 'Loi n°11-2003 du 6 février 2003 portant statut particulier de la ville de Brazzaville et de la ville de Pointe-Noire', https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaville&oldid=56553593, Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal zelfde link als op Wikidata, Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken, Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel.
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